The diameters are sometimes quoted in mm but the thread pitches are in rational units of threads per inch (tpi) – that should make Paul smile
Oh yes, I remember details like that for when somebody tries to tell me that "everything" is made to metric specifications these days!
Copper water pipe in Britain underwent the change from inch to millimeter specifications, and in doing so also change from inside bore to outside diameter measurements. Hence an old 1/2-inch pipe is almost the same as a modern 15mm type, and is certainly close enough to be interchangeable in a compression fitting. Unfortunately, the changes to some of the larger size were not so convenient and necessitate the use of adapters when coupling up new pipes to an old system.