"Knob & Tube" is the wiring method used (for the most part) in these photos. One of the older wiring methods, it was widely used from about 1919 until the late '50's.
In this method, the "hot" and "neutral" wires are strung separately along different framing members (appx a foot apart). Only at the device box do the two wires ever get close to each other.
When run parallel to the stud or joist, spliced, or changing direction, the wires are held in place by porcelain "knobs". When passing through, the wires are passed through porcelain "tubes." Likewise, when entering boxes, the wires are further protected by woven cloth tubes, called "looms."