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I think it all gets back to money. Contractors hire the cheapest labor they can get away with and inspectors carry too much workload to look at everything. We are a cost conscious society and we will sacrifice some quality for a cheaper price.
When I was inspecting I got a little push back about the time I spent on the jobs but travel time was still much higher than actua inspection time most of the time. I just told them they paid for 2+ hours of travel, don't they want more than a 2 minute peek at the job?
At the time municipal inspectors were leaving the shop with 30 or 40 inspection cards every day. How much could they be looking at?
I worked for the state with a much smaller workload but it spanned 6 counties.

Look at the bright side: At least they didn't the GEC (ground the service) to the plastic pipe!
Now, just to play devils' advocate:
I see concrete walls, suggesting this toilet in the basement. Many older homes have a simple toilet and sink placed openly in the basement - without any privacy walls whatever. These toilets are a carryover from the times where guys would return home from horribly dirty work and change out of their work clothes before ever entering the house.
Without defining walls, can you fairly claim the entire basement is a "bathroom?" That seems absurd.

I suspect AI is going to be big in the electrical plan drawing business.

FPL will give me hourly usage and that is probably more accurate than any load calc.

It may be getting better here but 40 years ago what you describe was the norm. The other problem was a guy would show up, talk a good game, quote me a price and tell me how bad he wanted the work. Then he got in his truck and drove away, never to be seen again.
I decided it was easier to just do it myself.
Things were better when my wife was building houses and had dependable trades but I really just used her mason/concrete people.
I have trust issues with the electricians who you get. I also use better materials than the stuff I see installed.

Just to remind us that there's more to life than the NEC:
An Arizona home inspector has discovered there are local codes relating to the placement of light switches. I'm not going to open THAT debate here, but it is a reminder that you need to know more than just the NEC.
I'd say, at a minimum, your personal library should contain:
-- The NEC
-- Your power company standards (look to their web site)
-- "CodeCheck" from Tauton Press
-- The CFR section containing the ADA.
-- Any LOCAL codes.

230 V 3-phase used to be fairly common across the continent, although usually in a TN-S or TT configuration rather than the Norwegian IT. The 127 V were essentially a by-product and - at least post-WWII - not used for anything that I know of. They're related to the 220 V by the factor of sqrt(3) that exists in all 3-phase systems. I believe the Soviet Union or possibly even pre-revolution Russia also began electrification using IT supplies like Norway did, assuming that they were safer than TN or TT supplies in mainly timber houses (I only have one questionable source for that though).

My point still stands though. Each and every single voltage I've come across in the world is a multiple of either 50, 55 or 60 V or related to one of them by sqrt(3). I find it hard to believe that this is purely coincidence.

Stay Safe out there during this Winter Storm!