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Well one could use twist lock plugs and outlets.
Well, commercial twist-lock plugs unfortunately fail under those conditions, and generally give off too much toxic smoke when they burn. Hell, most commercial products in generally fail under those conditions!

There are mil-spec plugs that are shock rated (and obscenely expensive) but considering all the equipment, including desks and file cabinets, are generally bolted to specially constructed steel foundations that are welded to the structure of the ship, it's not really necessary to use a plug at all for most stuff, and a lot easier and cheaper and takes far less man-hours just to hardwire it- costs about the same to hardwire a plug as it does to install a dedicated 115VAC receptacle.

There are every variety under the sun, but here's a typical MIL-C-26482 plug:
[Linked Image from schusterusa.com]

Hardwired cord with the NEMA plug chopped off is mostly for commercial stuff adapted for use. Actual mil-spec equipment will never have a cord and plug like that- you don't plug it in, you run a special cable straight from the power panel and plug the cable into the mil-spec equipment. Same with all the data cabling.