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Joined: Oct 2002
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I have a friend who teaches guitar lessons. A while back he built a small building and had it wired with a #4 USE aluminum feeder. After about a year he's decided to move the building another 220 ft. From where it was, making the total distance around 380 ft. from the breaker to the subpanel in his building. Total load 30 amps.??? Ran out of room on my phone
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Joined: Apr 2002
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Question...how did he move the building??
John
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Joined: Oct 2002
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Don't know how he moved it. It wasn't a large building. Probably a 12x12 or something like that. I'm on my computer now. I tried to type the question above in on my phone and it didn't give me enough room to finish. There is a 60 amp breaker ahead of this feeder. Like I said the actual load is 30 amps or less. The biggest load he will have is a window air condition ( 20 amp. ) and I'm assuming it is a 120 volt a/c. I figure without even without any demand factors the #4 USE should be a large enough wire to carry the load, even at that length. Just double checking myself on the figures. He wants me to splice the wire for him underground. I figure if the load was even 4000 watts./240 = 16.6 amps, the wire is big enough, if I am figuring it right, and according to what he told me he had in the building, the total don't even come up to that if he runs everything at one time, which he won't. Thanks again
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Joined: Dec 2001
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Well I suppose in theory you still have to consider the breaker rating rather than the actual estimated load.
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Joined: Apr 2002
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sparkync
Did you try the calculator in the link I posted above?
Using that calc app
the Vd would be 2.79% with a 30 amp load.
6.696 volts, so 233volts approx. at load, IF the source voltage is 240 volts.
Should be no problem.
John
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Joined: Jul 2004
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I doubt that AC is anywhere close to 20 amps. The start up may spike up to a big number but running, these things are not that big a load. A 144 sq/ft building should be fine with half a ton. A 6k BTU window shaker pulls about 5a. The playhouse we set up for the kids has a big old CRT TV in it, lights and a 1/2 ton AC. It runs fine on a 15a circuit. I think the TV draws as much as the AC.
Greg Fretwell
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Joined: Jan 2005
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And now, for a different perspective ....
I think we are setting ourselves up for confusion when we focus on extraneous things like the "percentage" of voltage drop, or the running amps of the appliance.
Instead ... what's your EXACT voltage at the end of the line, when the circuit is under load? I'm looking at one air conditioner right now, whose nameplate is marked "115." There's my target; I need to deliver 115 volts to the air conditioner while it is running.
If your voltage at the house is, for example, 118.2 volts, you can afford to lose about three amps.; yet, there's a joker in the deck.
The 'joker' helps you, in that the manufacturer has designed the air conditioner to tolerate slightly lower voltages; you have a 10% margin from the nameplate marking. That is, you "can" use a supply voltage as low as 106 volts. It's best not to use this "extra" margin, as you have to allow for drops in what the power company supplies you. That will depend partly on how many of your neighbors are running their air conditioners at the time.
Now, let's look at the issue of amperage. The same unit I looked at before says it needs a 15 amp circuit and draws 4.9 amps.
Why the difference? Because the motor needs more than 4.9 amps to start up; the '4.9' figure is just to keep it running. I need my wires to be big enough to deliver 15 amps, or the air conditioner won't start.
OK, so you have a 60-amp breaker feeding the smallest possible wires to the shed. That means there's no way you can supply the shed with 60 amps of power. Your panel should have a smaller 'main' breaker, perhaps a 40-amp, or you'll be setting yourself up for lower voltages when the panel is fully loaded. Lower voltages burn out motors and give electronics nervous breakdowns.
With the panel IN the shed, you can power the air conditioner in my example with an ordinary 15-amp circuit.
You're not really allowed to simply run a 15-amp circuit from the house, for the air conditioner in my example. Since there WILL be voltage drop, especially at start-up, you'll need at least a 20-amp circuit .... and you really ought to have that on a 15-amp breaker at the shed.
Bigger wire means less voltage drop. Higher supply voltages allow for a greater drop.
Your wire is plenty large enough, for even a 30-amp panel at the shed. This would allow you to power the air conditioner, and have a lighting circuit as well as two receptacle circuits.
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Joined: Jan 2005
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As for your splice ....
Yes, there are those 'direct burial' wire nuts. I'm paranoid, though, and assume a splice is a weak point that will later need to be checked. I don't like buried splices.
Here's what I do:
I place a fiberglass 'handhole' in the ground. About the size of a 5-gallon pail, these have a top you can readily remove. The bottom remains wide open; I usually set a small amount of gravel there, just so I can 'fine tune' the way the box sits in the hole. I set the box to match the slope and level of the ground around it.
I leave enough loose wire to come out of the ground about a foot; this makes it much easier to work with. I connect the wires with ordinary wire nuts, then dip the connections in Scotch-Kote to waterproof them. Then, I fold the wires into the handhole, placing the nuts so they open downwards.
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Joined: Apr 2002
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Reno: The 60 amp cb in the source panel is protecting the feeder conductors, and possibly the buss in the subpanel.
And knowing the exact voltage available at the source panel will weigh on the exact voltage at the subpanel. Hence that is why my comments say "IF".
The common trade practice of using a percentage for Vd is how I was taught, and what is 'suggested' within the NEC as a FPN.
And, yes there are voltage tolerances that appliances and a lot of other equipment have.
John
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