I sure would like to see some code reference for that.
If the conduit is on the outside f the roof than the conduit is in fact outside the building in NEC terms.
I may have dropped the ball with that one, as I can't recall any Code reference as well. I'll brouse the book I've got ('99 edition) to figure out where I got the idea.
On a personal level though, thinking of how the metal, sparks and flames from a faulted conduit would in all likelyhood drop down upon the roof, it would still constitute a hazard IMO. (Thinking of the damage in the "4"RMC vs. Utility Current" thread)
I guess it depends on how one would look at the fact it's attached to the building, maybe? (But I agree, still qualifies as outside.)
No limit to length outside the building. Are thinking of a tap rule? Even those are allowed at unlimited length outside the building.
Most likely yes, I was thinking of the tap rule. Wouldn't a feeder to a fire pump
technically qualify as a tap, since it is not part of the building's service equipment proper, and takes it's source prior to the building service disconnect? The mind wobbles...
In light of your additional info, the rooftop is the most practical option here.