This is also something I was wondering. Is 120VAC cycling +120V to -120V or is it +60 to -60 making the Peak to Peak voltage 120? I realize 240VAC is 2 sine waves offset 180 deg. causing simultaneus voltage positive and negative, but was wondering if the voltage was caluculated Peak to Peak or from the x axis(y=0). Also, the more I try to visualize the electron flow for a single phase 240 VAC load, it seems as though the electrons are flowing one direction and then the other every 30Hz. No? If not then how are they flowing?