Why would any sane electrician strip down a length of NM cable, instead of simply pulling the individual conductors?
To address your question: Chapter 9, Table 1 of the NEC, note 9 requires us to consider the cable as a single circular conductor with a diameter equal to the largest dimension of the cable. 53% fill.
What is the largest dimension of 10/2 Romex? using Table 4 for PVC, I see, for the 53% column, a maximum area of .151 sq. in. for 1/2 inch and .269 sq. in. for 3/4 inch conduit.
Doing the math, for 1/2 inch PVC conduit the maximum size would be .438 inches, and for 3/4 inch PVC the maximum size would be .585 inch.
I do believe to sleeve 10/2 we would need 1 inch PVC to meet code. Has anyone measured 10/2 Romex lately?