The adapters pictured are readily available. Home Depot even has them.
On bloc wall jobs I have used NM straps screwed into the block at about 2-3" from the furring strip. If you punch out the block and nail a metal box with a side bracket to the furring strip the cable can be fed into the box. I have done several jobs this way and never had a problem passing.
BTW,
Where can the requirement for 1 1/4" to finished surface be found?