Top pic...bad connections, two conductors under 1 screw. Result of low quality workmanship. This design of neutral/ground buss was in GE panels, and the installer had to get the conductor directly under the screw to get a decent termination. Two conductors result in deflection to the sides of the screw, resulting in a poor termination. the poor termination results in a high resistance connection, creating heat on the neutral conductor, and you have a pic of the ultimate end result. This is based on my opinion, and experience.
The second pic, IMHO is an OLD panel that has a corrosion situation. Also, it appears that the two conductors under 1 screw situation is here also.
