2003 IBC covers this in Chapter 9. Look at 907.2.8 through 907.2.10. Also check out NFPA 72.
Bear in mind that there is a difference between smoke alarms and smoke detectors. Smoke detectors are part of an alarm system, wheras smoke alarms are stand alone units that can be interconnected as required, and that have both detection and alarm function. Smoke detectors cannot make any noise, there must be separate alarm appliances, and a central control panel.
