(Regarding Locomotives):
The Class 1 carriers in my area (SP, ATSF, UP), used to leave Locos running continuously - only shutting down Prime Movers during Holidays (Switching duties on Branch Lines).
They started to shut down unattended Units around mid 1990's, where a Unit was to be unattended for more than 2 Hours, as to comply with EPA + Energy regs (reduction of pollutants, conservation of fuel).
Trains "Put In The Hole" (in sidings, waiting for Meets), also used to be kept running.
There is an area near me on the BNSF's San Bernardino Sub, which has 3 Main Tracks between 2 "Stations" (actually are main line crossovers).
At the ends of this Block Section, the 3rd Main Line ends, running back into the North Track via CTC type 50 MPH Turnouts.
"Non-High Priority" Freight Trains are commonly placed in this Hole, as to eliminate issues with Passenger Trains running through + stopping at Stations, to pickup Passengers.
Most of the Trains held in the Hole are Intermodal, but a few are Manifest.
Since 2006, the Prime Movers are shut down on all Units of these Trains, held in the Hole. They used to be left idling before 2006.
At times, there may be as many as 4 Trains in the same Hole, waiting for a Greenboard!
Cool thing is, the newer GE "Dash 9's" (C44-9W, AC44-9W, etc.) plus the newer EMD SD-75's, SD-80's, etc., have remote startup + shut down controls, from any Unit (normally from the Lead Unit); so all Units in a lashup + any RCE Helpers / Pushers can be shut down + started from the Lead Unit - and at the Engineer's Controller!
Prior to this, Units were started / shut down from controllers located behind the Hoods, near the Cab (on the Engineer's side).
Restarts are normally quick, and produce minimal smoke; plus there is normally minimal sparking / flames and very low (or no) smoke produced after the Train is started (put in motion).
The same is not true for the Branch Line Switchers, as they frequently experince the Wet Stacking issues when "Power Is Needed"
sometimes we wind up with a couple of 4'8 1/2" long extension cords
4' 8-1/2" long cords,... LOL!!!
Scott35