Does the solid #8 wire leaving the swimming pool bonding grid going to the pool pump require protection (ie. condiut)?

It is a local call. I don't know of any specific code language that requires it.
The real question is how exposed is it to damage?

This came up in code class last week. In Mass a # 8 solid from the pump to the grid. Thats it. Mr. Master Electrican said dont read anything else into it. ITS DONE>

The problem with protecting it is no longer visible and could be broken in the pipe or stuck in the pipe and not connected.

In tx, it's left exposed. The more surface contact with earth the better. This also keeps the area between the two points at equipotential with the pump and the pool.