Spotted those ‘tips’ when I googled. There’s some very dubious and dangerous DIY ‘tips’ online.
Those videos look like they might be from Russia or similar. A lot of places use CENELEC or IEC approved devices and colour schemes, but it doesn’t mean they follow the full standards.
Twisting wires together and heat shrinking insulation with a cigarette lighter wouldn’t be remotely acceptable here, or in any EU country any more than it would be in the US.
You have to use approved connectors, the exact type may vary a bit, especially in older wiring, as national regulations were less harmonised, but they were all generally safe and fairly conservative systems.
Mostly these days they use WAGO or similar type maintenance free devices or terminal blocks with screw down, clamping connections. The blocks are can be plastic or ceramic, depending on the application and housed inside a junction box.
Last edited by djk; 08/08/24 07:39 PM.