I once stayed in a hotel that had a box configuration like this by the sink. There was a single outlet in one box and another duplex right next to it. It was connected with a peice of copper pipe, and no fittings. I was in no hurry to check back in after I left.
...Plus, I'd be willing to bet that the neutral from the 120V receptacle is connected to an uninsulated EGC in that 240v receptacle in order to derive the "correct" voltage.