Two more questions occurred to me while pondering on all this.

1. Normal 120/240V 3-wire residential. When connecting black and red (whether Romex or conduit) to a double-pole C/B for 240V branches, do you always match colors?

That is, will red on say the dryer branch be to the same hot busbar as red on the range branch, or are black and red just connected randomly?

2. When Romex is used for 3-way switching, which way round are the colors normally used? White (marked) still for the common in and out, then black and red for the travelers?