It appears there are no standards.
According to a technical bulletin I have from AEMC Instruments:
{First some terms, for Fall Of Potential ground resistance testing, three points are used: X is the ground electrode under test; Y is the auxiliary potential electrode (sometimes called P); and Z is the auxiliary current electrode (P).}
"The goal in precisely measuring the reistance to ground is to place the ...Z electrode far enough from the ground electrode under test so that ... Y will be outside of the effective resistance areas... The best way to find out... is to move [Y] ... and take a reading at each location... The readings taken should be relatively close to each other..."
"No definite distance between X and Y can be given, since this distance is relative to [many factors]..."
