If I provide an another circuit in the laundry in addition to the required 210.11(C)(2)branch circuit can this additional circuit have other outlets, like say an outdoor receptacle or two?

Yes, They only require one dedicated circuit 20a for the "laundry" but there can be other general lighting circuits in the room.

Thanks Greg. Specifically this extra circuit will be for two counter top receptacles in the laundry and one outdoor receptacle, all 20 amp GFCI protected. What got me thinking about it is the argument about the kitchen SABC circuits, no matter how many you provide after the required two they still cannot have other outlets except dining, nook, pantry etc. as I understand it, and as my jurisdiction enforces it.

I think difference is that 210.11(C)(2) says "this circuit" when describing the laundry circuit. 210.52(B)(2) says "The two or more small-appliance branch circuits" implying all of them.
I suppose you need to ask your AHJ for the answer that applies in his patch.

At a certain point this dedicated circuit thing does go just a little nuts.

I agree with Greg.
Talk to your local AHJ for his take