Dereck,
Because:
1) the test lamp does not draw enough current to cause a large enough voltage drop on the cable that allows reliable detection
2) the short my well be to Earth, and the cable could become "hot" should the fault be intermittent
3) any induction on the cable from others in the vicinity could cause the fault to appear in another area (by using DC, the meters become insensitive to any AC influence on the cable)
4) the high current source must be fully isolated so as to not influence the readings - the mains input is not isolated (one leg, at least, is taken to Earth - well it should be!).
M.