Hi.
To locate the breaker on a
live circuit, I have had excellent results with
http://www.triplett.com/bksniff.htm. Plug in the "transmitter" at the receptacle in question and then use the wand (attached to a battery-operated unit) and at the panel, you will hear chirping when you pass the wand over the breaker for that circuit.
To trace conductor(s) definitely not energized, a tone and probe set such as
http://www.progressive.textron.com/products/toneprobe.html can be used. You will need to connect the "transmitter" or "toner" via clips to a pair of conductors, or one of the clips to ground and the other to a single conductor, or in the case of BX, one of the clips to the BX shielding and the other to a single conductor.
In this particular case, (being absolutely certain there is no current) put the tone on the conductors, and you should be able to pick up a signal somewhere behind the walls, though it may be extremely faint. I have had success by turning up the volume on the probe and just moving it along walls very slowly. Energized wires will cause a hum, as will fluorescent lights nearby.
I just tried this myself to be extra certain that it will work. (I depressed the "test" button on the GFCI receptacle.) The tone went from the (de-energized) receptacle (on the "load" side of the GFCI) to the (de-energized) GFCI receptacle and was nice and clear. I then checked past the GFCI receptacle and there was no tone whatsoever. So, you should be able to get to whatever is providing the GFCI protection using this method. Again, if there is a lot of interference, you may have difficulty in hearing the tone.
If none of this works, you could, of course, install a new GFCI receptacle.
Or, tell the guy to buy a new hair dryer with a straight plug, or just let his hair air-dry!
Then be sure to add to your bill for the
tonsorial consultation fee.
Hope that helps!