The guts of 3-phase motors are different that those of single phase ones.
A motor designed to start and run on 3-phase power takes advantage of the 'rotating magnetic field' that can be created by the motor windings. Single phase power is incapable of creating that effect.
That being said, the motor could feasibly run on the single phase, but it would not be able to start. If you found a way to spin the motor fast enough to get it to run, it might keep spinning, but there would be such a current imbalance between the windings that you might well end up overheating the windings and damaging them.
I'd avoid hooking the motor up to the single phase; when it eventually failed, I'd end up getting blamed for it and have to buy a new one out of my own pocket.
